Which theorist influenced the belief that social learning comes before cognitive development?

The correct answer is Lev Vygotsky, who significantly influenced the belief that social learning precedes cognitive development. Vygotsky proposed that children's learning occurs first on a social level (interpsychological) and then on an individual level (intrapsychological). He emphasized the importance of culture and social interactions in the development of higher mental functions. According to Vygotsky, social engagement and guidance from more knowledgeable individuals, such as parents or peers, are crucial in shaping children's cognitive abilities. This perspective contrasts with theories that prioritize individual exploration and cognitive maturation without the same emphasis on social context.

The other theorists do have notable contributions to developmental psychology but focus differently. Jean Piaget, for example, is known for his theory of cognitive development, which stages children's intellectual growth but does not prioritize social learning as the foundation. Maria Montessori focused on child-centered learning experiences that utilize self-directed activity, promoting independence rather than the social influences highlighted by Vygotsky. Erik Erikson, while known for his stages of psychosocial development, does not specifically emphasize the precedence of social learning in the way Vygotsky does.